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"Richardson Promises Universal Health Care, But N.M. Still Waits"
By Deborah Baker
Associated Press

July 18, 2007

      SANTA FE — Bill Richardson tells Democratic voters that as president, he would deliver health coverage to all Americans. But after 4½ years as governor, the universal coverage that was his goal is still just a dream in New Mexico.
    About one in four state residents under age 65 is uninsured, according to a recent report. Among New Mexicans of all ages, about one in five lacks insurance — putting the state just behind neighboring Texas, which is ranked worst in the nation.
    When he first ran for governor in 2002, Richardson said his objective was to cover every New Mexican in four years. Critics say the administration's piecemeal approach has barely made a dent in a deepening crisis.
    "They have taken a number of baby steps but they haven't tackled the problem," said Ellen Pinnes, a Santa Fe health care consultant.
    Campaign spokesman Pahl Shipley said Richardson has laid the groundwork over the past four years for universal coverage and will propose a plan to the 2008 Legislature. It would make coverage mandatory, according to the administration.
    "We're a poor state and it isn't easy, but we're making progress. ... Our state has fewer resources and so it has been challenging," Shipley said.
    With some 47 million Americans uninsured, health care is a top domestic issue for Democratic candidates.
    Barack Obama and John Edwards would increase taxes on the wealthy to pay for expanded coverage. Obama's plan — estimated to cost up to $65 billion annually — focuses on making coverage affordable to all. Edwards' proposal, with a price tag of up to $120 billion, would require every American to be insured.
    Hillary Clinton, who spearheaded the unsuccessful health care reform effort in her husband's administration more than a decade ago, hasn't released a detailed plan.
    Richardson proposes a $100 billion program to provide universal coverage without raising taxes, in part by diverting money now being spent in Iraq.
    Among its features: lowering the age for Medicare coverage to 55, expanding Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Programs, and providing tax breaks to help others pay for whatever insurance they chose — even the plan that now covers members of Congress.
    He also promises more investment in preventive care and less spending on bureaucracy. He would clamp down on interest rates and protect credit ratings when consumers put medical debt on credit cards.
    As the only governor in the race, Richardson has a record on health issues that voters can scrutinize.
    They may question whether, given his history at home, he can deal with the problem at the national level, says Matthew Streb, a political scientist at Northern Illinois University.
    "If he has this grand national plan, why hasn't he been able to alleviate the problem of uninsured residents of New Mexico?" Streb said.
    Expanding Medicaid has been a linchpin of Richardson's efforts to get more New Mexicans covered. But Medicaid enrollment was only 3 percent higher in March than it was when the governor took office more than four years earlier.
    Critics say tens of thousands of New Mexicans actually have been knocked off the Medicaid rolls, and they blame the governor's policies.
    For a couple of years, the administration — as a cost-containment move — required twice-a-year, rather than annual, re-certification of Medicaid recipients.
    And if paperwork wasn't processed on time — sometimes because overloaded caseworkers couldn't get to it, critics allege — computers automatically terminated cases.
    Critics say the two policies combined to erode Medicaid enrollment.
    While re-certification has been returned to an annual timetable, the so-called autoclosure policy remains in place. Critics say even though most closed cases are reinstated, children's health care is disrupted in the meantime.
    Richardson stresses New Mexico's efforts to insure children. Medicaid covers children up to 235 percent — and sometimes more — of the federal poverty level. Another program pays half of premiums for children who aren't Medicaid-eligible. And there are programs aimed at covering every pregnant woman.
    But while Richardson repeatedly has cited the state's push to insure children under 5, nearly 16 percent of New Mexicans 5 and under — more than 23,000 children — were uninsured in 2005, according to recent U.S. Census Bureau estimates.
    Overall, an estimated 432,000 New Mexicans were uninsured most of last year, according to a study done for a gubernatorial task force.
    At Richardson's request — he called it "a huge step forward toward universal coverage" — lawmakers this year expanded Medicaid to some previously ineligible adults. The program, which begins in August, is expected to add some 18,000 people to the Medicaid rolls by the end of the budget year, according to the Human Services Department.
    Dr. Stan Handmaker, who represents the New Mexico Pediatric Society in the state's Medicaid Coalition, says it's "a step in the right direction ... a very small step, looking at the size of the problem."
    Richardson has relied on a bevy of specialized programs to try to plug the gaps in health coverage: A public-private program in which employers, workers and the state and federal government share the cost; a program for non-profits and other small employers; a pool for high-risk people rejected by commercial carriers; an alliance for small employers and the self-employed.

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